The Five Key Points to Effective Management in a Global Enterprise

Introduction The most critical issue in the contemporary world is how to manage organizations effectively in the wake of the rapid global changes. In global enterprises, technology is changing at a remarkably fast rate and this trend calls for the management to redesign its organization to remain relevant. Competition is increasing in global enterprises as organizations aim at gaining competitive advantage over others.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Five Key Points to Effective Management in a Global Enterprise specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Different enterprises should change their manner of management in order to respond quickly to global changes. The organization needs to change its processes, structures, systems, and personnel from the inflexible modes to ones that can adapt quickly to global changes (Hunsker, Alessandra, 1980, p.54). The transformation of the organization is a crucial step t o effective management and remaining on the lead in the global world. Effective management in a global enterprise involves the use of new management philosophies. The management philosophies start with the top management in the organization. The managers should apply current styles of leadership to lead the corporation. Behavior of management in the workplace determines the effectiveness of employees. The manners in which organizations manage change show the ability of the firm to survive in a global environment. Effective management in a global enterprise is essential to remain competitive. It is necessary to consider various issues in managing a global enterprise. This paper describes five key points to effective management in a global enterprise. These points include workplace diversity, effective communication, employee motivation, ethics, and change management. Workplace diversity It is necessary for managers to consider diversity in the workplace to manage organizations effect ively. A global enterprise faces diversity in the form of â€Å"age, race, religion, job title, training experience, competency, and culture† (Mor-Barak, 2005, p.67). Management should address these diverse issues among employees in the organization to ensure effectiveness.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In a global enterprise, management should aim at achieving unity in diversity at the workplace among employees. While workplace diversity may bring many advantages to the organization, it also has its shortcomings. Therefore, management should take the onus to use diversity in a global enterprise to influence change and enhance the effectiveness. Understanding diversity in the workplace is essential because it enables the enterprise to offer a broad range of services. The collection of different of skills and experiences such as languages allow an enterprise to offer services to customers on a global perspective. An enterprise with a diverse workforce is manageable effectively because employees provide a pool of ideas. The organization is thus able to choose the best alternative from among the ideas for effective management. Enterprises, which encourage workplace diversity, motivate employees to perform to their best level (Mor-Barak, 2005, p.101). In the end, the organization achieves effectiveness. To address challenges of diversity in a global enterprise, an organization should develop a workable plan. This plan should ensure equal opportunities for all employees in the organization irrespective of race, gender, culture, religion or disability. The organization should involve all employees in the plan and include their views on the plan. Consideration of diversity in the workplace is a key step to effective management in a global enterprise. Employees gain motivation if their differences are in consideration. They work towards achie vement of the enterprises goals because they put more effort in their duties. Effective communication A global enterprise comprises of people from different backgrounds and with different viewpoints. Without effective communication, it is not possible to manage a global enterprise. Communication is always an issue in organizations and management should aim at improving it. Communication facilitates many things in the organization from productivity to morale of employees. For effective communication, it is crucial to balance between listening and speaking (Heller, 1999, p.89). Communication is a two way process; hence, listening to the sender or receiver of the message is as vital as speaking.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Five Key Points to Effective Management in a Global Enterprise specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More A global enterprise goes through various processes and, therefore, failure to comm unicate instructions effectively may bring disastrous effects. The flow of communication should be clear in the enterprise to avoid misunderstandings between the management and employees. In addition, it is crucial to communicate both the good and the bad in an enterprise for effective management. Sometimes managers avoid communicating unwelcome news to employees in the organization because they are afraid of the reaction (Adair, 2011, p.123). However, hiding this information may have adverse consequences to the organization. With rapid changes occurring in global enterprises today, all information is crucial. Management should find effective ways of communicating different information to employees. Management should encourage feedback from employees after giving information. Communication is often a two way process, and for the process to be effective, information should flow laterally. Therefore, for effective management in global enterprises communication is a key to success. A g lobal enterprise cannot afford to fail because of poor communication. Management should ensure effective communication to stay in the lead in a truly competitive environment. Employee motivation Employees are the main assets in an organization. In a global enterprise, many employees demand attention because they ensure the success of the firm. Without motivation, employees perform poorly, and the result is a failure for the enterprise. In the contemporary society, people have increased skills and knowledge, and thus, if an employee does not feel comfortable in a company, he or she opts to quit. However, effective management aims at reducing the number of employee turnovers. This reduction is only possible through motivating the employees that work in the organization. A global enterprise has to remain competitive, which is possible through motivation. There are various ways of motivating employees in the organization. The prime motivator is financial rewards. These include salaries, wages, bonuses and allowances among other monetary rewards. To motivate employees, these financial rewards should be according to the qualifications and experience of the employee.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In global enterprises, the economy keeps fluctuating, meaning that management should adjust employees’ salaries to fit the economy. In addition to financial rewards, non-financial rewards are also the other motivators for employees. These include factors such as challenging work, career development, recognition, and job rotation among others (Hunsker, Alessandra, 1980, p.101). These factors encourage employees to remain in the organization and improve performance for the overall enterprise. Employees in many global enterprises demand motivation in the form of non-financial rewards. Therefore, for effective management, enterprises should put emphasis on the factors that motivate employees to improve performance. Motivation of the workforce is vital for effective management. It ensures protection of the rights of the major assets of the organization without which a firm fails. Considering the interests of employees in the organization is crucial for effective management. Ethic s Ethics is the moral principles that govern between what is right and wrong in the enterprise. Many failures of organizations occur due to neglect of ethics. Enterprises should practice ethical principles in all their operations for them to be successful. The use of technology in global enterprises has brought substantial decline in individual ethics as well as business ethics. Some enterprises use false information while advertising their products, which is a breach of ethics. Other enterprises pollute the environment from where they operate affecting the people living around them and the environment. Ethics demand that the organization protects the interests of its stakeholders first. These stakeholders include employees, customers, shareholders, creditors and the society. The organization should be accountable for all its operations, which should follow ethical principles. The ethical issues in business are becoming complex because of the global nature and diversity of many ente rprises. The complexity also increases with social, economic, political and environmental factors. Therefore, management has to keep adjusting its ethical principles to remain competitive. To foster a culture of ethical behavior in organizations, management must lead by example (Mor-Barak, 2005, p.67). If employees are expected to follow, the management should practice ethics at the top. Global enterprises rely on management and, therefore, contrary behavior leads to failure from the top to the bottom of the organization. For example, in the case of Enron Corporation, management failed to practice ethics leading to the fall of the whole company. Management from this company used inside information for their benefits and enriched themselves at the expense of the company. This case led to the fall of a global enterprise and consequently, employees and shareholders shared a terrible loss. This case represents the importance of ethics in a global enterprise for effective management. Had the management of Enron observed ethical principles, the company would have avoided the collapse. Change management Change management is crucial for all global enterprises that aim at succeeding in a dynamic environment. Managing change is a key point to effective management. Most changes in global organizations occur because of advancement in technology. Other changes include mission, strategy, operational changes and changes in the attitudes and behavior of personnel. Thus, organizations have to monitor change to remain competitive in the current business world. Organizational change should begin with understanding the current situation to determine the areas that require change and the ability to adapt to change. In managing change, management needs to understand that different people react to change differently. Therefore, mechanisms should be put in place to deal with fears associated with change. Besides, people have various expectations on the change, so management should de al with them. Change also often involves a loss, which management should consider in the process of change (Nilakant, Ramnayaran, 2006, p.94). For example, with advancement in technology, machines have replaced employees in most global enterprises. Employees do not take this replacement kindly, and they may plan to jeopardize operations of the firm. Thus for effective management, it is essential to communicate change to employees in the organization before implementing it. The management should be honest about the facts of the change to employees and give both the good and bad information about the change. Providing personal counseling to the affected employees is critical in effective management (Nilakant, Ramnarayan, 2006, p.73). Where the change requires employees to advance their skills, management should provide training classes to keep employees competitive. Therefore, to manage a global enterprise effectively, change management is a key element. Conclusion Global enterprise s often face challenges in their daily operations. It is vital for managers to find mechanisms to manage organizations effectively in order to remain competitive in a dynamic environment. Workplace diversity is a key point to consider in effective management of global enterprises. Diversity in organizations arises because of the differences in race, age, cultural background, religion or disability. Diversity in the workplace is inevitable, and management should design a plan that ensures equal opportunities for all employees irrespective of their diverse background (Mor-Barak, 2005, p.70). Employee motivation is another point for effective management. A demoralized workforce cannot perform and compete in a global environment. Organizations should motivate employees with both financial and non-financial rewards. Effective communication is vital in effective management. A global enterprise involves a diverse workforce that needs to understand the processes of the enterprise. Communica tion is crucial to pass instructions to avoid mistakes. Ethics is as valuable in organizations for success. Management should be the pioneers of ethics in the enterprise so that others can follow. Ethics involves putting the interests of stakeholders of the organization first. Ethical principles provide a guide for the overall operation of the firm. Finally, for effective management in a global enterprise, an organization should outline the right mechanisms to manage change. Changes in the enterprise are common because of the dynamic environment, especially in technology. Management should communicate change employees to because of the repercussions of the process. Therefore, to manage a global enterprise effectively, management should consider the five key points outlined above. These are workplace diversity, effective communication, employee motivation, ethics, and change management. References Adair, J. (2011). Effective Communication: The Most Important Management Skill of All. USA: Pan Macmillan. Heller, R. (1999). Essential Managers: Communicate Clearly. New York: DK Publishing, Inc. Hunsker, L., Alessandra, A.J. (1980). The Art of Managing People. New York: Simon Schuster, Inc. Mor-Barak, M. E. (2005). Managing Diversity: Toward A Globally Inclusive Workplace. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc. Nilakant, V., Ramnarayan, S. (2006). Change Management: Altering Mindsets in a Global  Context. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. 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The Incorporation of Venezuela into Mercosur

The Incorporation of Venezuela into Mercosur Introduction Mercosur (Southern Common Market) initially started with the Asuncion Treaty which was inked by Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay and Uruguay in 1991 to establish a free trade province and finally to establish a common market. In 2007, Venezuela joined the forum. (Tondi 353).Advertising We will write a custom thesis sample on The Incorporation of Venezuela into Mercosur specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The main aim of Mercosur is to offer the probabilities to expand exports, to augment investment and to create a greater economic development among member nations. (Dominguez Oliveira 178). The core objective of Mercosur is to institute a customs union in common and a market place in common between member nations of Mercosur. (www.associatedcontents.com). Mercosur market includes free transportation of products and exclusion of custom duties among members within regions. (Motley 2006). When there was an expansion in Mercosur in J uly 2006, the internal dynamics of Mercosur are being altered. Admission of Venezuela, which is the third major economy of Mercosur group after Brazil and Argentina which aggregates over 250 million population in the regional bloc and an aggregate of a GDP of $ 1.1 trillion. To become a full member, Venezuela is required to implement Mercosur regulations and rules, which include espousal of CET and transpose Mercosur contracts with third nations into its domestic legislation. (UK House of Commons Report 80). Venezuela’s government expenditure and its economy are depending upon its oil income. About thirty percent of Venezuela’s GDP comprises of oil income. Further, oil exports constitute about eighty percent of Venezuela’s export. About 16% of Venezuela’s GDP is made up from its service sector. Though, t he economy of Venezuela is very robust, its entry into Mercosur will help to expand its economy. The main objective of associating with Mercosur is to ex pand its business within the region. (Motley 2006).Advertising Looking for thesis on international relations? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Venezuela became a full member of Mercosur in January 2006. However, Venezuela’s membership is not absolute as there is a midway phase to depart CAN and to synchronize strategies with other associate nations of Mercosur. (Massabie 153). Though Venezuela approved the† Climate Change Convention in March 1995†, but it was the very last Latin American nation to approve in â€Å"February 2005 the Kyoto Protocol. â€Å" For many years, Venezuela declined to approve the Kyoto’s Protocol in consonance with the OPEC as Kyoto Protocol did not acknowledge condition Venezuela as the major seller of oil. (Massabie 153). Mercosur has been deteriorated frequently due to political chaos between its member nations. The admission of Venezuela to the Mercosur in the ye ar 2008 brings a new member with a clearly varied political ideology into the Mercosur and has once again posed a threat to the political decision authority of Mercosur. (Tondl 28). It is to be observed that Venezuela is playing an active role in all Latin American integration mechanisms. Venezuela was an associate of the â€Å"Andean Community of Nations (Comunidad Andina de Naciones, CAN)†. (O’Keefe 99). However, Venezuela said goodbye to CAN in 2005 averring grave divergence with other member nations. In 2004, Mercosur together with Colombia and Ecuador became an associated member of Mercosur. The Protocol of Adhesion stipulates that it will be enforced once it is approved by all five signatory nations of Mercosur. The Venezuelan congress approved the Protocol of Adhesion as early as August 2006. As of January 2009, it is yet to be approved by the Paraguay and Brazil legislatures. Once the Protocol of adhesion comes into effect, Venezuela will have about four-year t ime to espouse the full array of Mercosur norms, which includes CET also. Venezuela’s immediate integration into Mercosur is also hindered by the fact that Venezuela, though it has formally withdrawn from the Andean Community as early as 2006, it is still subject to the Andean intra-regional liberalization scheme until the year 2011. (O’Keefe 99). The Southern Common Market (Mercosur) crossed nineteenth year of formation in 2010. In these nineteen years, the region transformed from a major restricted trade phenomenon to a free –trade province practically, with extra efforts in creating a customs union and moving on to a common market.Advertising We will write a custom thesis sample on The Incorporation of Venezuela into Mercosur specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In spite of these developments, the assimilation process sustained impediments due to varied economic happenings such as Brazil’s currency devaluat ion, Asian financial crisis and later, the uncertainty of economy witnessed by Argentina. Thus, delays to the integration phases generate creditability concerns and could endanger the future of the Mercosur. This research paper evaluates the present magnitude of economic assimilation of Mercosur, the tempo of the phases and the outcome of varied levels of economic integration. It also evaluates the entry of Venezuela, the benefits, disadvantages, the roadblocks witnessed by it to become a full member, how Mercosur has benefited due to ingression of Venezuela and what are all the future challenges to be confronted both by Venezuela and Mercosur in detail. Analysis As a new member of Mercosur, Venezuela is in a transition phase from its earlier Andean Community Association. Venezuela’s integration into Mercosur is a phased one. By 2012, its tariff to Argentina and Brazil are to be removed with privileged access for main imports from Uruguay and Paraguay, which is to be offered instantly and free trade by 2013. Venezuela has to espouse the Mercosur common external tariff within four years. Some sectors like livestock, food, electronic equipment, software and automobiles are protected sectors. Venezuela is now required to implement Mercosur trade regulations and rules, which include the adoption of the region’s Common External Tariff and to swap Mercosur’s agreements with third nations into its domestic laws. Definitely, Venezuela’s entry into Mercosur will transform the course of the region’s development. With Venezuela as a member in Mercosur, there is greater political risk is involved. Recently, another six year term of the presidency was won by President Hugo Chavez for a third term in Venezuela. This has raised an alarm among business and industry that nationalization of various main industries in Venezuela is on the card. Out of 175 ranks, Venezuela has been ranked as 164 by World Bank for doing business. (UK House of Co mmons Report 65). Significance of Venezuela’s Entry into Mercosur Entry of Venezuela into the Mercosur free trade province under the Protocol of Adhesion brings more grand factors than included in ALDI ACE NO.59 which is the present free trade agreement which Venezuela is having with each other Mercosur nations.Advertising Looking for thesis on international relations? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More For instance, under earlier ACE NO.59, many tariff curtailments are not anticipated to be wholly introduced till January 1, 2018 and there are even goods, which are excluded from free trade permanently. On the contrary, both Brazil and Argentina, under the Protocol of Adhesion (POA), as a normal rule, will abolish tariffs on all imports from Venezuela from January 1 2010 whereas Uruguay and Paraguay will eliminate the tariff for all imports from Venezuela from January 1, 2013 and in turn, Venezuela will abolish all tariffs on all imports from Mercosur nations from January 1, 2012. Immediately, after entry into the force of POA, Venezuela has consented to throw open up its market instantly to for a number of Paraguayan and Uruguayan imports. For so –called agricultural products, the protocol contains a provision that permits for a longer phase-out period ending January 1, 2014. The Political Aspect of Venezuela’s Entry into Mercosur The main aim of the Venezuela’ s intention to join Mercosur as a full member is predominantly political. Before joining Mercosur, Venezuela is not a poignant export market for the Mercosur nations. Both Argentina and Brazil, to some smaller magnitude, export some valuable manufactured products to Venezuela, mainly auto parts and also agricultural products and food items in a small quantity. Incidentally, there are few exports to other Mercosur nations from Venezuela. Currently, oil is being imported by Brazil in large quantities from Venezuela and however, these imports by Brazil from Venezuela are of miniscule as compared to global petroleum exports by Venezuela. (O’keefe 100). It serves medium and short-term economic interests to other Mercosur nations by the decision to admit Venezuela as a full member. The Argentines are much fascinated in collaborating with PDVSA, the Venezuelan state owned Petrol Company, which has offered investment capital to develop offshore natural gas and oil fields in Argentina . Brazilian state owned petrol company namely Petrobras which evincing keen interest in joint ventures with its Venezuela’s equivalent to develop and explore oil wells, mainly to explore heavy oil in Venezuela’s Orinoco River Valley, which can be exported to northeastern Brazil. Both Brazilian and Venezuelan oil companies have already invested about US$ 2.5 billion in heavy oil refinery in Pernambuco, which is in the North Eastern side of Brazil. The state petrol company of Uruguay also has a joint venture with PDVSA to establish heavy oil wells in the province of Orinoco and to establish an oil refinery in Uruguay, mainly to refine heavy crude. Further, a natural gas pipeline is being constructed from Bolivia to Paraguay and Uruguay, which is funded by Venezuela. Further, Venezuela is having planned to construct a natural gas pipeline from Venezuela to the Southern Cone of Mercosur. (O’Keefe 100). Mercosur –Venezuela Trade In recent years, there has been a rapid increase of trade flow between Venezuela and Mercosur nations. It reached a record high of US$ 7.2 billion in 2007. This represents an increase of 25% increase of the figures of 2006 and an increase of 34% increase 2003 figures. However, Venezuela’s exports to the Southern Cone bloc nations experienced a moderate increase of 10.8% between 2003 and 2007. It even shrank by 15.3% in 2007 aggregating to US$ 1.1 billion. Due to this, there was growth of US$4.9 billion in 2007 in trade balance in favor of Mercosur. It is significant to note that the trade flows between Venezuela and Mercosur were much more balanced till the start of this decade and in some instances, exhibited a marginal increase in favor of Venezuela, as in 2000, when Venezuelan sales touched the magic figure of US$1.5 billion. (Instituto Para La 56). There has been a substantial increase of exports by the four Mercosur nations to Venezuela, which stood at 60.5% in 2006 and was about 38% during the first six months of 2007. Thus, the four Mercosur nations accounted for 12% of Venezuela’s total imports. The larger drive of sales to this destination as contrasted to shipments the other parts of the world, demonstrates that the Venezuelan market’s capability for the Mercosur products, especially manufactured products like pharmaceutical products, plastics , auto and automobile parts , food , cardboard and paper. It is to be noted that Colombia was the nation which was badly affected due to Venezuela’s entry into Mercosur as it had earlier supplied of above mentioned products under preferential tariff stipulations to other Mercosur nations. Further, Mercosur imports from Venezuela demonstrated strong increase during 2006, which stood at 146.1% but declined towards 9.9% during the first half of 2007. For all Mercosur nations except Uruguay, the significance as a supplier of the bloc is relatively limited. Uruguay is the only country which soaks up almost fifty percen t of the bloc’s imports from Venezuela. Moreover, in terms of energy, Venezuela has become a significant trading partner and its fuel symbolizes almost the whole of imports from the nations in Paraguay, Argentina and Uruguay and over sixty percent in Brazil. Source: http://trade.ec.europa.eu/doclib/docs/2006/september/tradoc_113488.pdf.   http://trade.ec.europa.eu/doclib/docs/2006/september/tradoc_113488.pdf. Source: http://trade.ec.europa.eu/doclib/docs/2006/september/tradoc_113488.pdf. Source: http://trade.ec.europa.eu/doclib/docs/2006/september/tradoc_113488.pdf. Source: http://trade.ec.europa.eu/doclib/docs/2006/september/tradoc_113488.pdf. Source: http://trade.ec.europa.eu/doclib/docs/2006/september/tradoc_113488.pdf.   Source: http://trade.ec.europa.eu/doclib/docs/2006/september/tradoc_113488.pdf. Source: http://trade.ec.europa.eu/doclib/docs/2006/september/tradoc_113488.pdf. wto.org/english/res_e/statis_e/its2010_e/its10_world_trade_dev_e.pdf Venezuelaâ €™s financial and capital account behavior is closely linked to the significant current account balance of 15.1 % of GDP during the year 2003-2006. The flip aspect of this high surplus is a debit balance allocated between financial and capital account and the excess in the international reserves. The current account surplus of Venezuela is mainly attributed to the oil exports by the Venezuela’s government oil company namely PDVSA. Venezuela’s government has the decision authority to decide what quantum of this surplus can be transformed into as official assets or international reserves and what quantum is to be earmarked for financial or real investment overseas. Venezuela witnessed a net outflow of capital since 1999 which in 2006 touched 12.4% of its GDP. This balance symbolises both the surge in Venezuelan assets in foreign countries and the fall in the external liabilities. All Mercosur nations except Argentina witnessed accumulation in their international rese rves during 2006 in line with the aim of minimizing external vulnerability in a context of escalating uncertainty at the international level. Thus , Venezuela has reformed its policy towards the accumulation of reserves, which declined August 2007 to US$ 10b as against the US$37b maximum at the end of 2006 mainly because of its reallocation to the National Development Fund namely FONDEN. (Carciofi et al 3) One another advantage of Venezuela in Mercosur is that it promotes investment by Venezuela in other member nations, and investment is also made by other member nations in Venezuela, Thus , this prolonged business cycle will assist to fortify nations within Mercosur.( Bassi 2006), Venezuela will derive advantages from the introduction of total liberalization for the majority of products of interest to it in trade with other individual members of Mercosur. The greatest benefit will be in trade with the Brazil and Argentina as these nations have undertaken to introduce liberalization forward to 2010 onwards. (Carciofi 111). Major advantages may be obtained from elimination of the exception to complete liberalization and of the price band system presently applied by Venezuela in its trade with Mercosur nations. (Carciofi 112). According to Maduro, Venezuela’s foreign minister, there has been an enhanced commercial relations between Mercosur and Venezuela as trade has grown to $28 billion from the just $2 billion. Mercosur will also strive to achieve a common custom’s code to kindle and minimize the cost of commerce among Mercosur nations. Further, there is an effort by Mercosur to remove double-taxation and associated transport holdups on imports that is being transported through one member nation to arrive at another Mercosur member nation. It is estimated that by 2014, there will be complete elimination of double-taxation of imported merchandises and there will be a single Mercosur customs union, unifying terms so that duties on exports and impor ts can be arrived at and exchanged across Mercosur member nations.(IntelliBriefs 2010). Disadvantages From the above table, it is evident that the entry of Venezuela into Mercosur as a new full member has a moderate brunt on the region’s trade and economic profile. Though Venezuela is having a higher per capital GDP as compared to the Mercosur’s mean, the value of Venezuela’s annual import is not very admirable. The chief part in cost-benefit analyses of Venezuela’s admission into Mercosur is the energy capabilities that the Venezuela adds to the region. (Carciofi 101). There are fewer disadvantages for Venezuela’s accession to Mercosur. Member nations are of the view that many agreements and rules framed by Mercosur are of one sided. One another disadvantage is that Venezuela may face that it may be the victim of intellectual property privileges. With more exports of electronic products from Venezuela into other Mercosur member nations may end in copying of ideas of Venezuela’s products thereby resulting in the emergence of grey markets for Venezuela’s electronic products. (Ledesma 2008). Despite advancing the time frames which will usher advantages to Venezuela, it is significant to note that majority of selected goods already have momentous preference margins. The effect will be relatively modest even by advancing timeframe to enjoy the advantages in market access norms. This symbolizes despite there are chances for trade expansion, membership of Venezuela in Mercosur does not symbolize momentous transformation in market access norms for those associated, given the present preference as the trade liberalization deadlines already discussed in ECA 59. (Carciofi 111). External Agenda of Mercosur will be influenced by Venezuela’s Entry One of the major anxieties ventilated by the business sector over Venezuela’s ingress into Mercosur is that it may wield its influence on the external agenda of the b loc. As per National Confederation of Industry, immediately after inking the Membership Protocol, Venezuela will attain the status of inclusion in the Mercosur delegation for negotiating with other nations and blocs. Thus, without going through the transition period, Venezuela may have its articulation in such discussion as one of the framer of the Mercosur’s negotiating programs with the EU and U.S.A. (Carciofi 117). Democratic Clause in Mercosur Among the founding members of Mercosur, democracy was a common value and was visualized as a precondition for integration. It is to be noted that in the preamble either in the constituent treaty of Mercosur or the Treaty of Asuncion signed in 1991 contained democratic clause. The first ever mention about democratic setup is seen in the â€Å"Declaration of the Second Presidential Meeting of Mercosur† of June 1992. Mercosur member nations in July 1996 reiterated the significance of democratic conditionality by sealing the â₠¬Å"Declaration of the Democratic Agreement.† In July 1998, the Democratic agreement was officially instituted into the â€Å"Treaty of Asuncion â€Å"by means of the Protocol of Ushuaia. This protocol specifically provides after a phase of consultation, the rights of a member state of Mercosur can be suspended where the democratic order is in chaos, mainly to deliberate in the institutions of Mercosur. (Hoffmann Vleuten l 180). It will be interesting to follow the effect of the democratic clause, given the polemic circumstances of the democratic credentials of Chavezs government. It is to be noted that decision to include Paraguay in the Treaty of Asuncion was regarded in 1989 only after the end of the dictatorship. (Vaz 126). It is to be noted that no stringent action was taken during the Venezuela crisis other than support expression for a return to a democratic rule by Mercosur nations. It is pertinent to note that Mercosur does not have an adequate explanation on how to handle corrosions of democratic ruling. (Morton, Halperin Galic 109). Chavez’s autocratic style and Paraguay’s Opposition Though Venezuela’s request to admit as a full member of Mercosur was approved in June 2006 in Caracas by the leaders of Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay and Uruguay, the proposal has to be accepted by the legislatures of the concerned nation also. Both Uruguay and Argentina legislatures were the first to acknowledge the Venezuela’s incorporation as a full member. Brazil’s Senate, after three long years of debate approved the Venezuela’s inclusion in Mercosur in December 2009. Paraguays senate is yet to accord its approval since the Paraguay’s President Fernando Lugo does not enjoy the adequate support and his opponents have raised their voice against inclusion of Venezuela in Mercosur on the ground of â€Å"autocratic practices and style â€Å" of President Chavez, which is in clear opposition to the main slogan of â€Å" Mercosur Democratic Clause.† According to Senator Romero Juca, a senator from Brazilian ruling coalition, Venezuelas role is extremely significant for the economic and social development of South America and hence, Brazil would exert its utmost pressure on Paraguay on the necessity for acknowledgement of Venezuela’s admission as a full member in Mercosur. (Brazil Mag 2010). Paraguayan opposition opposes the political style of the President Hugo Chavez and not the entry of state of Venezuela into Mercosur. They view Chavez as an undemocratic and they are of the opinion that his arrival may harm Mercosur. Some critics are of the view the Mercosur as a mirror of the European Union and lament that their entry of Chavez may injure the trade pact with EU. It is to be observed that Venezuela major imports are foodstuff and Paraguay can benefit from exporting to Venezuela its oil seeds, grains and meats.(UPI.com 2010). Whether Mercosur is a successful and what is its fu ture? Since its start-up, Mercosur has turned to be Latin America’s most elegant integration agreement. However, both Argentina and Brazil were passing through a recession and there was a disagreement on which foreign exchange policy to be perused. This disagreement has become a real threat to the future of Mercosur. (Gillespie, Jeannet and Hennessey 46). The initial success of Mercosur was demonstrated by the truth that international trade among the four nations soared to 200 percent in the 1990s. However, after 1999, trade and commerce were badly impacted due to Brazil’s currency devaluation and its consequent financial crisis and there was default of external debts by Argentina. The economy and trade were affected severely between 2000 and 2002 and especially in 2004. In particular, Argentina flouted the Mercosur access conditions by introducing several protective measures and barriers to free trade. Due to non-coordination between members, the future of Mercosur is now uncertain. (John, Craig Lynk 308). Recent happenings do not seem good for the future of Mercosur. In the year 2006, a dispute between Uruguay and Argentina over whether to permit European companies to establish two paper mills along the river that separates their border was not resolved through Mercosur’s internal dispute resolution mechanism. Further, Uruguay expanded its trade with the U.S.A and even cautioned that it may withdraw from Mercosur commenting that Mercosur is to serve the interest of Brazil and Argentina. Moreover, Mercosur has not resolved trade asymmetries that have arisen within its members, yet to resolve the concern of double tariff on certain imports from outside the bloc, yet to codify a custom code that is common and this has led some analyst to view that Mercosur has turned to be a forum of foreign policy modeling. These beliefs have only been corroborated by recent discussions between the European Union and Brazil regarding the possibility of a bilateral trade negotiation. (Seelke 8). Why Paraguay Has Not Allowed Venezuelas Entry To The Bloc? What Are/Would Be The Consequences It The Country Decides To Finally Admit Venezuela? For Paraguay, in spite of economic advantages derived by Paraguay due to Venezuela’s entry into Mercosur as its full member, the aristocrat style of Hugo Chavez, the Venezuelan president elevates the cause of worry for Paraguay. The political style and personality of Chavez is just conflicting to Mendez, the present president of Paraguay who emphasizes moderation. Paraguay is of the opinion that Mr. Chavez’s extreme patriotism will fetch more chaos to Mercosur. Paraguay is of the opinion that Venezuela’s confronts with Colombia will need of redrafting of its stance for Mercosur since Paraguay is of the view that Venezuela’s entry may bring a blockade in the negotiation for creating a trade relations between European Union and Mercosur nations. The adversaries of Chavezâ₠¬â„¢s program for a substitute style of integrating South American economies, which insists issues of social justices which are not restricted to his domestic foes. Both the big businesses from Venezuela and member nations of Mercosur especially Paraguay have a common grumble against Chavez may destabilize the Chavez’s effort of amalgamating the South American nations against Washington. Already, Paraguay is entangled with the heightening brawls with Argentina and Brazil, as the national leaders of Paraguay are questioning the real advantage of awarding full membership to Venezuela. Further, Paraguay is having a legitimate concern over equity treatment that travel back to very first day of formation of Mercosur. For instance, Brazil and Paraguay, which enjoy the gargantuan dam namely â€Å" Itaipu Dam† which is being one of the globe’s biggest hydroelectric energy projects an d Paraguay has raised dispute over dominance of Brazil in the Itaipu project. This has made the Paraguay politicians to allege that Paraguay’s association with the Mercosur is a disgrace since the Mercosur membership does not offer any meaningful advantages to Paraguay. Paraguay is actively engaged in establishing a bilateral trade agreement with the U.S.A which has compelled Chavez to give up his nation’s economic tie-up with the other nations of South American trade group that have followed Paraguay’s FTA with U.S.A and could end in Mercosur fugitives to renounce full membership in the Mercosur. Paraguay is of the view that Chavez main aim to join Mercosur is to shape his counterweight to U-S supported freed trade agreements thereby uttering that admission of Venezuela as indicator for integration of South American economies and a sign of triumph against U.S.A’s colonialist economic strategies for the region. Thus, there is a need on the part of Chavez to stop this encouraging the exit of Paraguay which means fracturing of Mercosur intern al unity which would symbolize a devastating philosophy rout in Chavez’s struggle to keep U.S.A’s authority isolated in the region. If at all Venezuela wants to isolate U.S.A, it should come forward to offer lower tariffs for Paraguayan merchandises well before free-trade regions are concluded for the balance of Venezuela’s inter-Mercosur commerce for the period between 2012 and 2013. This approach will help Venezuela to get the support of Paraguay by helping it to tackle Paraguay’s negative economic scenarios and it will also heighten small economies like Paraguay attitude towards Venezuela as Paraguay may have to weigh the real benefits from Venezuela’s participation in Mercosur. According to erstwhile Paraguayan President Duarte Frutos that if real aim of the Mercosur is to criticize the protectionism of EU and U.S.A, they should practice the same protectionism among the small member nations of Mercosur and if this continue, then these small mem ber nations like Paraguay may decide their concern would be served outside Mercosur. Further, Chavez call to build a common army for Mercosur may kindle Chavez’s economic and political adversaries to join under one roof to retort his action for integration or may spoil hesitant allies to get back their support to Mercosur. (Coha 2010). Paraguay is having strong political disparity but at the same time it is also of the view that Venezuela’s entry into Mercosur is more interesting to it economically. Paraguay opposition is vehemently against Chavez and not against Venezuela as his attitudes are not only undemocratic towards the press and opposition but also Chavez’s meddling in other nation’s domestic business for ever. However, adequate pressure is exerted by Argentina and Brazil on Paraguay to shift its stance against Venezuela which can have considerable impact on landlocked Paraguay given its trade discrepancies and geographic location. One another stu mbling block is that approval of both houses of Paraguay’s congress is to be obtained before the bill for accrediting full membership for Venezuela which is to be inked by Paraguay’s president Lugo. However, since Lugo is lacking majority in any of the houses of congress and hence Logo is compelled to negotiate with the ruling coalition which itself is splintered. (MercoPress 2010). Conclusion It is obvious that membership of Mercosur has not paved the way for change in the replica of economic development. Nor have the assurances of enhanced trade opportunities, larger international profile and access to new markets. Rather than an increase in exports, Mercosur has witnessed a concentration of exports. Economic growth has been disappointing and flow of FDI is rather stagnated. No doubt, Venezuela’s entry into Mercosur will definitely make aligning the bloc’s trade agendas more of a challenge. Venezuela’s foreign trade and productive structure are p oignantly differing to the present member nations of Mercosur, and this will definitely have a say on its trade policy preferences. There are two chief challenges to the future of Mercosur.The first one is the political and economic crisis. The chances of survival are not encouraging without a speedy recovery from the present global economic turmoil. There are three structural deficiencies of the present concept of Mercosur, and they are the lack of macroeconomic coordination, the institutional weakness and the intra-industry trade strategy. (Weintraub, Rugman Boyd 148). The above mentioned deficiencies can be corrected. By fine tuning the relatively demanding theory of a â€Å" Common Market† to the political realities by acknowledging the fact the readiness to share sovereignty and by substituting the greatly personal –decision making measures through a more rule oriented system and By keeping away from macroeconomic doctrines at the national level which intimidate s to generate deformed real exchange rates within the region? To rejuvenate and revitalize Mercosur, it is the need of the hour to reform its productive capabilities following comparative benefits. Mercosur’s structural weakness still remains to be resolved. If this disadvantage is considered seriously, it is obvious that the future of Mercosur must remain in doubt, even if the current economic turbulence can be conquered. (Weintraub, Rugman Boyd 148). Bassi, Raul. 12 September 2006. Venezuela in MERCOSUR. A New Mercosur. 19 October 2010 www.spectrezine.org/LatinAmerica/bassi.htm. Brazil Mag. (April 2010). Brazil to Pressure Paraguay into Accepting Venezuela into Mercosur. 19 October 2010 brazzilmag.com/component/content/article/84-april-2010/12157-brazil-to-pressure-paraguay-into-accepting-venezuela-in-mercosur.html Carciofi, et al. Mercosur. Report Number 12:2006 [Second Semester]. New York: BIDINTAL. Coha , K B. 20 July 2010. Venezuela’s First Meeting as Mercosu r Member Begins Today.5 November 5, 2010 http://venezuelanalysis.com/analysis/1847 Dominguez Francisco Oliveira Marco Aurelio Guedes de. Mercosur: Between Integration and Democracy.Brasilia: Peter Lang, 2006. Gillespie, Jearnet Hennessey. Global Marketing. London: Dreamtech Press, 2009. Great Britain, Parliament: House of Commons. Trade with Brazil and Mercosur. London: TSO, 2007. Hoffimann Andrea Ribeiro, Vleuten Johanna Maria Van Der. Closing or Widening the Gap? Legitimacy and Democracy in Regional. London: Ashgate Publications, 2007. Instituto Para La Integracion de America Latina Y el Caribe, INTAL. Mercosur Report Number 13:2007, Second Semester -2008. New York: BIDINTAL, 2008. John D, Craig R Lynk Michael. Globalization and the Future of Labour Law. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006. May. (6 August 2008).An Investment Under the Mercosur Trade Centre. 19 October 2010 www.associatedcontentment.com/article/919219/an_investment_under_the_mercosur_trade_pg2_pg2.html? Massabie German. Venezuela: A Petro-State Using Renewable Energies. New York: VS Verlag, 2008. MercoPress. 11 June 2010.Paraguay Admits Pressure from Brazil to Vote for Venezuela’s Mercosur’s Incorporation. 5 November 2010 http://en.mercopress.com/2010/06/11/paraguay-admits-pressure-from-brazil-to-vote-for-venezuela-s-mercosur-incorporation Morton H, Halperin and Galic Mima. Protecting Democracy: International Response. London: Lexington Books, 2005. Motley, La’Sarah-evette Patrice. 6 January 2006. Mercosur –The Southern Common Market. 19 October 2010 associatedcontent.com/article/16507/mercosur_the_southern_commom_market_pg2_pg2.html?cat=3. O’Keefe, Thomas Andrew. Latin America and Caribbean Trade Agreements: Keys to a Prosperous. New York: Brill,2009. Seelke, Clare Ribando. BRAZIL –U.S.A Relations. London: Diane Publishing Company, 2009. Tondl, Gabriele. Trade Integration and Economic Development: the EU and Latin. New York: Springer, 200 8. Vaz, Alcides Costa. Cooperacao, integracao e processo necociador. Brazil: Instituto Brazileiro de Relacoes, 2002. Weintraub Sidney, Rugman Alan M Boyd Gavin. Free Trade in Americas: Political and Economical Issues for Governance. London: Edward Elgar Publishing, 2004. www.associatedcontent.com.(23 March 2010). Advantages and Disadvantages of Mercosur Membership. 19 October 2010 associatedcontent.com/article/2808740/advantages_and_disadvantages_of_mersocur.html www.intelliBriefs.com. (6 August 2010). Mercosur Summit Discusses Venezuela-Columbia Situation. 19 October 2010 http://intellibriefs.blogspot.com/2010/08/mercosur-summit-discusses-venezuela.html. www.upi.com.(6 August 2010). Venezuela Again Stopped at Mercosur’s door. 19 October 2010 upi.com/Top_News/Special/2010/08/06/Venezuela-again-stopped-at-Mercosurs-door/UPI-60711281118533/

The roles of diverse schools in America Term Paper

The roles of diverse schools in America - Term Paper Example Educating children, belonging to different cultural backgrounds, is crucial and special efforts need to be carried out in order to educate them as their future and career is at stake. For the sake our discussion, I will shed some light on the roles of diverse schools in America. Role of any school in treating and educating children, belonging from different backgrounds, is of extreme importance. A country having many states, and is populated by people from different backgrounds, cannot overlook this aspect while educating children. Managing diversity requires serious and sincere efforts on part of schools. Children cannot feel motivated and encouraged until and unless they have a sense of worth in them. When they feel that they are considered important, even if they belong to minority groups, only then they strive hard towards achieving their targets. Thus, this thing takes us to the point that one of the roles of schools in America is to manage diversity. There are few underlying concepts that need to be addressed while talking about roles of diverse schools in America. At the start of 20th century, there occurred a gender gap in attainment of education, with women striving more towards acquiring higher education than men in US (Lopez, 2002). However, race and gender differences are not biological, rather they arise because of difference in perceptions, experiences and response of a particular minority group towards another. Statistics have shown that by 2007, this gender gap in attaining education reached to a level of 2.3 million with 9.6 million women and only 6.3 million men that were enrolled in college. However, incorporating the racial aspect it was observed that this trend of acquiring higher education was more common in â€Å"white† women than their male counterparts. Similarly, talking about African- American population, women were double the times the

How have cell phones affected the lives of american citizens Essay

How have cell phones affected the lives of american citizens - Essay Example The lives of the American people are, therefore, highly influenced by mobile telephony. Arguments on the effects of cell phones on the lives of American citizens are both positive and negative, with the positives outperforming the negatives (Ling 34). Cell phones constitute the primary mode of communication in America. This means that mobile telephony has made it simple and easy to access effective and efficient communication services. As a result, communication challenges that were evident decades ago are no longer present today. Sending and receiving information is efficiently aided by cell phone devices, thereby reducing time and cost of sending and receiving information and messages. The social aspects of the American people have also been accounted for by cell phones. The mobile telephony industry has revolutionized social interactions through the use of cell phones. This has made it possible for people to interact even without having to meet physically. The link of cell phones to the social media has further led to the realization of an integrative social enhancement at a global level. This has come as a complement to intentional communications originating from America to the rest of the world. Cell phones have further impacted positively on the economic conditions of individuals, businesses and the performance of the American economy at large (Campbell 73). At individual level, cell phone services are provided at affordable charges, with competition in the industry necessitating an ever declining service pricing for mobile telephony. Moreover, cell phones companies undertake promotions all over America, offering cash money, mobile phone handsets and mobile phone accessories to their lucky subscribers. This has enhanced the economic conditions of numerous subscribers across the United States. In general, American citizens have benefited from the operation strategies employed by cell phone

MBA Information Technology Preventing and Detecting Operational Risk Essay

MBA Information Technology Preventing and Detecting Operational Risk Caused by Employees - Essay Example It has become imperative for the senior management to forcefully implement the appropriate measures to detect and prevent operational risk from employees in their organisations. Most of the measures, including security, need to be followed top down. An employee who sees an upright senior is less likely to engage in fraudulent behaviour. Security Policies and Training. The next step is to develop security policies and provide training to ensure that everyone is aware of, understands them and also follows them in right spirit. The greater the understanding of how security issues directly impact production levels, customer and supplier relationships, revenue streams, and management's liability, the more security will be incorporated into business projects and proposals. Most critical is an Acceptable Use policy (AUP) that informs users of their responsibilities. An AUP serves two main purposes: (1) It helps to prevent misuse of information and computer resources and (2) it reduces exposure to legal liability. Security Procedures and Enforcement. The next step is to implement procedures, training, and enforcement of the AUP. Businesses cannot afford to ignore security risks nor can they afford the infinite cost of perfect security. Security Tools: Hardware and Software. ... Keep in mind that security is an ongoing, multilayered process and not a problem that can be solved with hardware or software tools. Hardware and software security defenses cannot protect against irresponsible business practices. 2. What events triggered the strong measures to prevent and detect internal fraud Name three laws that have antifraud measures. Answer. Fraud Prevention and Detection. Internal audits and internal controls (cover later in the chapter) are critical to the prevention and detection of occupational frauds. Some high-profile examples of occupational fraud that were executed because of the lack of internal audits and controls leading to implementation of strong measures to prevent and detect internal fraud include: NEC. In 2006, NEC had to restate its earnings for five prior years after discovering that a 50-year-old manager/engineer had been fabricating business deals. The bogus deals inflated sales by 36.3 billion yen ($311 million). The false transactions enabled the manager to embezzle tens of millions of yen, which he spent on entertainment. Adelphia. A year after the public learned of the $600 million Enron scandal, the Rigases made Enron's fraud look like penny-change. The SEC uncovered the misappropriation and theft of tens of billions of dollars. In addition to the $2.3 billion the family stole from the company for their personal use, they caused losses investors of more than $60 billion. Global Crossing. Corporate insiders knowingly sold more than $1.5 billion of artificially inflated company stock. In April 2005, the SEC filed a settled action for civil penalties against Global Crossing's former CEO, CFO, and VP of Finance for aiding and abetting the fraud. Each executive agreed to pay a $100,000

Case Analysis: Tescos Steering Wheel

Case Analysis: Tescos Steering Wheel In early 90s Tesco faced a stiff competition from various other retailers in the industry and thus its revenues showed a downfall. At that point Tesco could not differentiate itself from the other  competitors. Later under the leadership of then CEO Ian Mac Laurin it went through an image makeover, and acquired other retailing outlets like William Low; with which it reached just up to the sustenance mark. Later Terry took over as the CEO of the Company and aimed to make the company value driven Tesco in early 70s had acquired a lot of other  retailer companies but faced a problem of integrating them, more over Tesco stores were small and ill equipped. The company only focused on price where as  the goods available at the stores were perceived to be of mediocre quality, but with rising income customers looked forward to expensive and luxury merchandise.  Answering to this change Tesco closed some of its outlets to concentrate to give stores a better  facility. It also started off the revamp of its a product portfolio. It launched a price reduction campaigns so as to counter the threat from competitors. Also it centralized its distribution system and its own label  for food products.  Tesco developed its own brand labels targeted at different target sector. Tesco value for low income customers, Tesco brand for medium range products and Tesco finest for high end products. It also came up with special ranges like Tesco organics, Tesco whole foods and Tesco kids. The Tesco Way Tesco doesnt want one leader. We want thousands of leaders who take initiative to execute the strategy. ´ This is the statement made by Sir Terry Leahy, CEO of Tesco Tesco came up with the concept of The Tesco Way ´. They aimed at improving its competitive position in the market by becoming more customer focused and concentrated on differentiating itself from other retailers through the services it provided. Tesco had principles like  Better for Customers, Simpler for  Staff and Cheaper for  Operations. To make this goal a reality, in the early 1990s, Tesco went through a process to clarify its mission, values, and strategy. Tesco communicated its new strategy to its employees via a steering wheel, ´ a simple symbol and metaphor for a tool intended to drive performance and help employees navigate into the future. The Tesco steering wheel has four 90 degree arcs, representing the four BSC areas of focus: financial, customer, operations, and employee performance. With the community arc added recently. Every store gets a monthly steering wheel update, a summary of its metrics within each of the four arcs, so that all employees in Tescos mu ltiple regions and formats get feedback on their performance. Tesco supplements its steering wheel report with shopping lists ´ that capture key elements of the strategy in simple forms that employees can follow in their everyday activities. The steering wheel has helped the company stay focused on its strategy even as it experienced rapid growth over the past two decades. Balanced scorecard or in Tescos case the steering wheel provides the perfect base to the company for designing future strategies. It gives the current data and becomes the ideal predictors which is  important for  predicting future trends and thus formulate  strategies. It communicates strategy-aligned goals and manages strategic performance. It monitors progress and measures success. The organizations core purpose to create value for our  customers and to earn their lifetime loyalty ´ has been delivered on a clear and simple strategy of long-term growth. Tescos values and priorities (concerning customers, staff, business, and compliance issues) are embedded in the steering wheel through appropriate KPIs. These values pervade operations and are instrumental in securing staff commitment to the steering wheel. It is arguable that by embedding its values in the steering wheel, Tesco transformed its balanced scorecard from a management framework to a cohesive living strategy. The Tesco Steering Wheel evolves from, and is the route to fulfilling, the retailers core purpose to create value for customers to earn their lifetime loyalty and long-term goals. It organizes and defines the four core elements of Tescos business, those that together define the business. If faithfully adhered to, the  Tesco thinking goes, these elements will inevitably lead to the realization of the companys long-term goals and, through them, its core purpose. So it is that in each Tesco store, department and support facility is posted a corporate steering wheel, out of sight of the customers but in plain view of each staffer. Alongside each of the 15directions and admonitions within the circle  is a  coloured dot green for  acceptable performance, yellow for borderline performance, red for unacceptable performance which is updated, and can change, weekly. The scorecard is for the store, the job, and the individual. It gives one the ability, simply by  looking, to measure the performance of that  particular entity-and what aspects of that performance need to be improved. Some ways of calculating these basic factors are: Operations We try to get it right the first time- The difference between Predicted inventory and actual inventory. No excess stocks. We delivery  constantly  everyday- Regular deliveries and no miss. The stores receiving adequate and right stock in right condition. We always save time and money- Reduced wastage No repetition of steps in a process. People An interesting job- Retention (lowering of attrition) Absenteeism Audit and surveys focusing on indirect questions to know the employees interest levels.(using a 4 or 6  point scale to avoid average marking).   An opportunity to get on- Training levels achieved by the employees. Percentage of employees trained. No. of employees working loyally for how many years Customers I can get what I want- Regular customer surveys. Complain cells. Surprise checks. The prices are good- Competitor analysis Customer feedback Finance Maximization of profits- Calculating operating profit ratio, return on total assets, net profit ratio and return of capital employed and compare them with last year. Benefits of the balanced scorecard used at Tesco: Add to the Balanced Scorecards priority areas to reflect your organizations core aims and values. Converts strategy into an effective governance mechanism. Ensures alignment of all employees to the companys strategic vision. Provides holistic and balanced view of the health and performance of the organization.   Increased transparency and better communication   Simplify strategic aims by creating a visual summary and a shopping list of daily strategic to-dos. Make them applicable to peoples everyday work. Promotion from within then you have a deep understanding of strategy throughout the organization   Helps keep check on strategic aims against customer needs and preferences. Challenges:   Co ordination across multiple functions.

Witchcraft In U.S. History :: essays research papers

Aboriginal Dreamtime The Aboriginal Dreamtime is that part of aboriginal culture which explains the origins and culture of the land and its people.Aborigines have the longest continuous cultural history of any group of people on Earth, dating back 65,000 years. Dreamtime is Aboriginal Religion andCulture.The Dreamtime contains many parts. It is the story of things that have happened, how the universe came to be, how human beings were created and how the Creator intended for humans to function within the cosmos.As with all other cultures it speaks of Earth's Creation by Gods and Goddesses, some of whom were kind hearted while others were cruel.The Australian Aborigines speak of jiva or guruwari, a seed power deposited in the earth. In the Aboriginal world view, every meaningful activity, event, or life process that occurs at a particular place leaves behind a vibrational residue in the earth, as plants leave an image of themselves as seeds. The shape of the land, its mountains, rocks, riverbeds, and water holes, and itsunseen vibrations echo the events that brought that place into creation. Everything in the natural world is a symbolic footprint of the metaphysical beings whose actions created our world. As with a seed, the potency of an earthly location is wedded to the memory of its origin. The Aborigines called this potency the "Dreaming" of a place, and this Dreaming constitutes the sacredness of the Earth. Only in extraordinary states of consciousness can one be aware of, or attuned to, the inner dreaming of the Earth.The Australian aboriginal shamans, "clever men" or "men of high degree", described "celestial ascents" to meet with the "sky gods" such as Baiame, Biral, Goin and Bundjil. Many of the accounts of ritualistic initiation bare striking parallels to modern day UFO contactee and abduction lore. The aboriginal shamanic "experience of death and rising again" in the initiationof tribal "men of high degree&quo t; finds some fascinating parallels with modern day UFO abduction lore. The "chosen one" (either voluntarily or spontaneously)is set upon by "spirits", ritualistically "killed", and then experiences a wondrous journey (generally an aerial ascent to a strange realm) to met the "sky god." He is restored to life, a new life as the tribal shaman.Ritual death and resurrection, abduction by powerful beings, ritual removal or rearrangement of body parts, symbolic disembowelment, implanting of artifacts,aerial ascents and journeys into strange realms, alien tutelage and enlightenment, personal empowerment, and transformation, these and many other phenomena are recurring elements of the extraordinary shamanic tradition.

What is recruitment and selection?

What is recruitment and selection? [In other words, the process where an organization collect a number of people who met requirements and qualified for that organization] Selection is†¦.. During both processes R&S, an organization has to justify why they are going to choose particular methods to recruit and select people in a capable pool, that is to say, what elements or what under considerations which they use to influence their decisions before recruiting and selecting peopleAttraction and Retention The definition of recruitment is the process of generating a pool of capable people to apply an organization for employment. therefore this means that there is a need to generate people’s interest to apply for the job. This means that people have choice to choose This is why an organization has to consider this strategic choice. To be precise, attraction means†¦. For the internal sources this is associated with retention which meansWhen considering attraction and reten tion strategy, an organization might first of all apply the concept of Fitting the person to the environment, organization As this diagram illustrates In an organization Whereas HR plocies will be designed to achevive particular organizational targets and goals, those policies also provide an opportunity for individual needs to emerge and be satisfied. This view assumes that a fit between a person and the environment can be found so that commitment and performance are enhance (Kristof, 1996).This not only gives a high performance advantages but also lead to â€Å"retention† Criticism However, commentator have Doubted whether such mutuality could develop on the basis of equality because organizational need would always be superiority. In typical form of profit-organistaion, the issue of profits maybe considered outweight individual needs. Competencies Another important element when considering attraction and retention strategy in recruitment and selection is to set out, what i s it referred as â€Å"competencies† which are developed within the organization.A set of behavior patterns that the incumbent needs to bring to a position in order to perform its tasks an functions with competence. (The ability, skills and knowledge obtained by candidates and relevantly required and matched with organizational goals and targets) For instance, In large financial services organisations in the UK set out its competencies for example self-control †¦. etc If we look at Lloyds TBS’s, one of large financial services, it provides its vision and projected image of its organisation that

Free Essays on My Relationship With Myself

When asked about the relationship with myself, initially I was speechless. I have rarely directed my thoughts and feelings towards myself. However, through the teachings of this class and additional readings, I have become more knowledgeable about myself and am able to respond to questions about me and understand myself. The topics that will be addressed in this paper will include positive thinking with self-talk, defense mechanisms, self-esteem, self-awareness, stress and emotions. These topics were chosen because I can relate to them very well, and writing this paper allowed me to become more intimate with them and learn more about them so that I may continue to change the aspects of my life that I am not happy with. This paper will also discuss how these characteristics correlate to the relationship with myself. The first characteristic is positive thinking and self-talk. There are many excellent reasons to use positive thinking in your everyday routine. The authors or our text book, Becoming Aware, on page eighty, explain that positive moods can help us to think more clearly, increase optimism and raise self-esteem. A positive mood creates a positive attitude, which paves the pathway throughout the day for a feeling of control over the environment and circumstances. However, positive thinking is very difficult for the majority of the population. It seems as though many of us are very pessimistic and negative. It is no wonder so many people do not live up to their full potential. We have all of these negative thoughts and feelings around saying that we are not good enough and we will never become anything. Some of us have developed the ability to shut the negative thoughts out, and use self-talk to reinforce it. In Shad Helmstetter’s book What to Say When You Talk to Yourself, he mentions that positive thinking is a great concept, but it can only take a person just so far. It is an aid for people to get on the track of re... Free Essays on My Relationship With Myself Free Essays on My Relationship With Myself When asked about the relationship with myself, initially I was speechless. I have rarely directed my thoughts and feelings towards myself. However, through the teachings of this class and additional readings, I have become more knowledgeable about myself and am able to respond to questions about me and understand myself. The topics that will be addressed in this paper will include positive thinking with self-talk, defense mechanisms, self-esteem, self-awareness, stress and emotions. These topics were chosen because I can relate to them very well, and writing this paper allowed me to become more intimate with them and learn more about them so that I may continue to change the aspects of my life that I am not happy with. This paper will also discuss how these characteristics correlate to the relationship with myself. The first characteristic is positive thinking and self-talk. There are many excellent reasons to use positive thinking in your everyday routine. The authors or our text book, Becoming Aware, on page eighty, explain that positive moods can help us to think more clearly, increase optimism and raise self-esteem. A positive mood creates a positive attitude, which paves the pathway throughout the day for a feeling of control over the environment and circumstances. However, positive thinking is very difficult for the majority of the population. It seems as though many of us are very pessimistic and negative. It is no wonder so many people do not live up to their full potential. We have all of these negative thoughts and feelings around saying that we are not good enough and we will never become anything. Some of us have developed the ability to shut the negative thoughts out, and use self-talk to reinforce it. In Shad Helmstetter’s book What to Say When You Talk to Yourself, he mentions that positive thinking is a great concept, but it can only take a person just so far. It is an aid for people to get on the track of re...

How to Make Colored Smoke Bombs (That Actually Work)

How to Make Colored Smoke Bombs (That Actually Work) Regular smoke bombs are easy to make  and produce stunning, reliable results. You might think making colored smoke is as easy as adding a chemical that burns with... well... colored smoke. However, it is more complicated than that because most chemicals produce white, brown or at best yellow smoke. There are formulations for colored smoke that involve mixing in a special organic dye that will produce a colored cloud when the dye is vaporized. The project is straightforward, but its trickier to get great results because the goal is to heat the dye, but not ignite it, and then force it into the air. Here are some tips to ensure success. Use an Appropriate Dye You cant burn any old dye for colored smoke bombs! Laundry dye, for example, wont work. Examples of compounds that do work include para-nitroaniline red, auramine (yellow) and synthetic indigo (blue). There are several other dyes that will work. You can mix the dyes to get different colors. Measure by Weight Not Volume The proportions of ingredients are important. The volume of the ingredients may be affected by how they have been processed, so the weight is the best means of measurement. Use Finely Powdered Materials Even if you have the exact chemicals you need, you wont be able to get good results unless the consistency of the mixture is fine enough. This is true for most pyrotechnic formulations, so you may be aware of this. If you arent seeing good results, re-make the mixture, processing the ingredients separately in a coffee or spice mill before mixing them together. Never mill the oxidizer and the fuel in the same container, since a fire may result. Use a separate grinder for chemicals like potassium chlorate and potassium nitrate. Reinforce the Canister for a Smoke Grenade If you are making a smoke grenade, which is intended to shoot out a dense stream of smoke, you need to reinforce the paper or cardboard so that it wont blow apart under pressure, ruining your effect. It is common practice to glue cardboard circles onto the bottom of cylindrical smoke grenades. You can wrap strapping tape or masking tape around the container to give it strength. Tape around the fuse so that the smoke will have a small opening. This will cause the smoke to shoot out further. Bend the Fuse to the Side and Tape It Similarly, you dont want the smoke bomb to blow the fuse out of the canister before the smoke really gets going. If you bend the fuse to the side and tape it down, rather than leaving the fuse standing straight up in the tube, youll reduce the chance that the smoke bomb wont light. Dont worry, the flame will still travel down the taped fuse into the smoke bomb. Disclaimer: Please be advised that the content provided by our website is for EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY. Fireworks and the chemicals contained within them are dangerous and should always be handled with care and used with common sense. By using this website you acknowledge that ThoughtCo., its parent About, Inc. (a/k/a Dotdash), and IAC/InterActive Corp. shall have no liability for any damages, injuries, or other legal matters caused by your use of fireworks or the knowledge or application of the information on this website. The providers of this content specifically do not condone using fireworks for disruptive, unsafe, illegal, or destructive purposes. You are responsible for following all applicable laws before using or applying the information provided on this website.

The Group Leadership Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Group Leadership - Term Paper Example Managers are task oriented while leaders are visionary. In order to analyze differences and similarities between leadership and management, it is important to comprehend them differently (Rickett, ca.uky.edu). Leadership Leaders are those who influence a group of individuals with the purpose of achieving a goal. So, it can be said that leadership involves influence and goal attainment. Some of the most common qualities found in leaders include walking the talk i.e. consistency between words and actions, long term focus, creativity, visionary, self esteem, confidence, and others (Rickett, ca.uky.edu). Management Managers are different from leaders in terms of the fact that the responsibility of managers is to exercise administrative and supervisory directions. The responsibilities of managers are more task-oriented as compared to the responsibilities of leaders. In order to exercise effective management skills, managers need technical, human, and conceptual skills. Technical skills in volve knowledge and proficiency of managers to carry out various tasks. Technical skills of managers include analytical skills as well as the abilities to use specialized tools and techniques. Managers should be adept at human skills. Human skills involve abilities of managers to work with people. ... Both management and leadership require diverse skills and competencies. Managers bring order and consistency in organizations while leaders bring change and innovation. The responsibilities of managers include planning and budgeting, organizing and staffing, controlling and problem solving. Planning and budgeting involves establishing agendas, setting timetables, and allocating resources. Organizing and staffing involves establishing rules and procedures. Controlling and problem solving involves generating creative solutions and developing incentives (Rickett, ca.uky.edu). Leadership Traits Studies conducted on leadership have found that individual characteristics of leaders differ from leaders to leaders. In order to find individual characteristics, a large number of items have been examined including gender, appearance, energy, height, and other psychological traits. A gamut of psychological traits have also been examined including intelligence, need for achievement, authoritariani sm, and need for power. According to researchers, there are only a few characteristics associated with leadership. Researchers therefore agreed that search for universal traits of leadership are futile. Since the early 1980s, a substantial progress in the development of leadership traits has been made. There are several universal traits which have been introduced in the last decade. In order to guide the research for leadership traits, there were little personality theories. Initially, very little information related to leadership traits was available. Trait studies conducted on leadership were solely based on studies on adolescents, lower level managers, and supervisors rather than on leaders on significant position. The revival of the leadership theory started

Negotiations in Management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Negotiations in Management - Assignment Example Tax payers would disagree with the lengthening of the school day and year for fear of more taxes to cover the expense. Students would miss the free time of summer. Parents opposed to this idea would complain it is their job to raise their children, not the schools. It would be a breakdown of the family structure. Some Republicans might even suggest socialism. Possible Solutions: One solution would be more after school programs. Instead of teaching music, art, gym, and other extra activity curriculum in hours after school. This would allow more teaching time in the day, a lengthening of the school day, and a safe enviornment for children after school. This would be done during the school year without cutting out summer break. The second solution would be lengthen the year and day, but make parents volunteer or pay for the extra hours during the day. This would allay costs and allow parents to interact with their children at school. The last solution would be to not lengthen the school year or day, but make available more after school activities that are federally funded and parent involved. The last solution would probably work out the best for all parties. If schools could be opened after hours as a safe haven for children, with a learning environment, the individuals wanting to lengthen the school year might be happy. By having parents involved, costs could be cut down on hiring professional teachers for this time period. Of course, background checks would be completed by any volunteer. Children would not be stressed by too much education, but stimulated by school and after school